@Article{XaudMartSant:2013:TrFoDe,
               author = "Xaud, Haron Abrahim Magalh{\~a}es and Martins, Flora da Silva 
                         Ramos Vieira and Santos, Jo{\~a}o Roberto dos",
          affiliation = "Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Roraima, PO 
                         Box 133, Boa Vista, RR 69.301-970, Brazil; National Institute For 
                         Space Research, INPE, PO Box 515, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, 
                         SP 12227-010, Brazil and National Institute For Space Research, 
                         INPE, PO Box 515, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, SP 12227-010, 
                         Brazil and National Institute For Space Research, INPE, PO Box 
                         515, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil",
                title = "Tropical forest degradation by mega-fires in the northern 
                         Brazilian Amazon",
              journal = "Forest Ecology and Management",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "294",
                pages = "97--106",
             keywords = "degraded forests, diversity, floristic compositions, forest fires, 
                         ordination methods, deforestation, structure (composition), fires, 
                         data set, disturbance, environmental degradation, forest fire, 
                         forest soil, ordination, physiology, secondary succession, species 
                         diversity, species evenness, species richness, tropical forest, 
                         deforestation, fires, forest fires, Amazonas, Brazil.",
             abstract = "In this study, we examine the degradation of tropical forests 
                         caused by the forest fires of anthropogenic origin that have 
                         frequently and intensely affected a large portion of the State of 
                         Roraima (northern Brazilian Amazon), such as the one that occurred 
                         in 1998 and extended over 12,000km2. In a region located in the 
                         so-called {"} Arc of Fire{"} in the State, data from all 
                         individuals with DBHe10cm were collected in 50 sample plots 
                         (12.5ha). These plots were collected across five fire-degradation 
                         levels (classes), from unaffected areas to areas affected by one, 
                         two or three fires over 10years: 1998, 2003 and 2007. The 
                         floristic and phytosociological quantitative parameters in the 
                         analysis were as follows: species richness (defined classically 
                         and by rarefaction), evenness, Shannon diversity index, mixture 
                         coefficient, importance value (dominance, density and frequency), 
                         basal area, diameter, total height and volume. In the full set of 
                         plots, 5593 individuals were measured and identified in 
                         177species/morphospecies and 53 families. We performed both 
                         univariate (ANOVA and Tukey's test) and multivariate analyses 
                         (ordination methods), aiming to find patterns of degradation by 
                         fire. The results revealed that forests affected by one 
                         low-intensity fire (BF1L) showed slight evidence of alteration in 
                         comparison with forests that have not burned (UF), taking all 
                         indicators evaluated into account. In extremely degraded forest 
                         plots, the heavily impacted forests lose their primary-forest 
                         characteristics, showing significant floristic and structural 
                         changes and similarity to areas of young secondary succession. 
                         Some aspects of these disturbances were observed not only in twice 
                         or thrice-affected areas (BF2, BF3) but also in areas that 
                         suffered from one high-intensity fire (BF1H). Given the observed 
                         results, we ought to consider that an extensive {"} 
                         secondarization{"} process caused by fire could plausibly reach 
                         more forest areas in this part of the Amazon in the near future.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.036",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.036",
                 issn = "0378-1127",
                label = "scopus",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Xaud et al 2013.pdf",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.036",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}